A study of economic decoupling and urban green areas in 305 mexican municipalities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20983/decumanus.2023.2.4Keywords:
cities, environmental Kuznets curve, human development index, urban planningAbstract
This research uses cross-sectional data to prove whether in 305 Mexican municipalities, there is economic decoupling that supports the Kuznets environmental curve hypothesis between urban green areas with a measure of per capita income and with the Human Development Index (HDI) together with its respective quadratic terms. For this, two models are estimated: a percentage model of green areas and a model of green areas per capita. Multiple regressions were estimated with the following control variables in both models: population density and its quadratic term, rainfall, and income or HDI interaction with density. Furthermore, in the first model of the percentage of green areas, the municipal area was added as a variable control and in the second, the municipal green area per capita was added as a variable control. The results do not present statistical evidence of decoupling or an environmental Kuznets curve between the dependent variables of the green area with the economic indicators (per capita income and HDI respectively). Furthermore, the two models that used the HDI as an economic variable had an inverse U curve with population density For the provision of goods, this indicates that after the turning point, an increase in municipal density causes a decrease in the percentage of green areas and green per capita respectively. Although cross-sectional environmental Kuznets curve studies are not common, the literature reports that they are valid in cases where the existence of an environmental good does not change as quickly as is the case of green areas. However, the estimated turning points should be taken with caution. Future research should include more municipalities and more years to corroborate and improve the results obtained, particularly about turning points.
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